Scholars of humanties will save the world?

Yesterday - at least as I see, without any qualification and only intuitively - was a fine example how the psychology of the markets work. At the start almost every stock exchange plunged, almost a free fall, but they soon began to recover, most probably on the back of expectations that the FED will announce new measure to boost the sluggish US economy. The expectations ranged as far as the immediate announcement of quantitative easing adn what happened? Well, nothing. The FED reiterated that they are aware of the problems, just as they were earlier, they will keep interest rates practically at zero, just as it was for a while, they will pump back their profit into the financial system, again as it is happening even now, and of course they will consider anything that can help the economy. None of these measures helped to stop the deterioration so far, and to expect a different outcome for now would not be too logical. An none of these measures is new in any sense, not to speak of being surprising. Or did anyone honestly expected the FED to raise its rate in the face of the slump? (Just because today's hedalines speak of markets rebounding due to FED's announcement of keeping rates zero.)

Thus, the FED did not change course, while the markets were expecting something new, that could steer the world economy in another direction. The initial reaction were as one would expect: sell-off at the stock exchange. But, curiously, after some time euphoria settled and the markets rallied. Given what happened it is counterintuitive at best.. Market participants were waiting for the announcemtn of radical changes and what they receieved was the announcement of no change at all. Initially they reacted asthey should, but somehwo reconsidered their position and began to trade like the FED would have given them what they had expected. Instead of the usual market-bashing probabyl it is better to draw some conclusions.

It is not words that matter - sometimes instead of deed - but only how they are interpreted by actors on the market. Even if what they have heard was the opposite what they longed for they could still reinterpret it as if it would be the much desired news. But there is still a delicate case here: it seems words of financial institutions are more or less unintelligible for their audience and it confuses them, This time for the better - leading to positive evolution of the market -, but it can easily turn out to be the opposite. And this is the point where scholars of humanities could have a significant role in ameliorating of the workings of the economy. Who else are in a position to make a thorough textual and discoursive analysis of the words of financial institutions. Probably with a wide scale reserach project every statement and every interview of the respective central banks and their leaders should be collected and alaysed in order to determine the real meaning of words and phrases. And as personalities in the financial world change it would be a never ending story. But with the help of these scholars the markets would have a dictinoary or theasurus of the central banks enbaling them to undertsand their statements immediately. Funny, it seems the markets needs translators and they will collapse without the help of those useless humanity scholars.

Hungary - once again left behind

For years the idea of Hungary having a unique and unparalleled crisis, that could not happen elsewhere was a dull, repetitive syntactic element of almost every commentator's opinion. Reasons were easy to find: nowhere was such a bad government identified, no society was more attached to its socialist past, no politicians were so fearful of losing elections, no country so corrupt. But at least, being the worst among every ECE country was a mazochistic consolation for supposedly having lost the forerunner position. (However, I have many times bored my few readers with this topic.) We even had and has our own, specific and particular crisis that was caused by our own government. (Yes, even today.) 

And now the world or the fate again turned against this small and much-suffered nation and with the effects of the crisis on state-households slowly, gradually but pronouncedly unfolding everywhere others are again overtaking Hungary, or at least almost literally repeating everything that was once considered as unique and not easily reparable mistakes. Not only in one country, but in a series of states.

Greece is the obvious example in many sense, with accounting tricks, giant budget deficit (once the Hungarian reaching 9,2% of GDP was described as world record and a clear sign of exceptional insanity, than what about a value somewhere between 13,7% and 15,5%?), social resistance to changes, a deficit reduction program considering raising revenues, not exclusively relying on budget cuts etc. 

But something similar happens in neighbouring Romania, the country of a small miracle recently, many times perceived as the next economy overtaking Hungary. After a year of incompetent governing, when politicians was not ready to take energetic action and accept unpopular measures because of the presidential elections at the end of last year, a nominally right-wing government announced some steps not so unfamiliar for people knowing something about Hungary's last few years. A minimal expected tax on companies, change of the tax base effectively raising the tax rate for most of them, simple lay-off of budget personal instead of "structural reforms", introduction of new taxes, like the "junk food tax", preservation of the privileges of the very rich, dubious contract in motorway construction, and immediate retreat as signs of some resistance appear. (The prime minister denounced his minister of finance regarding the lay-off of about 100 000 people from the state sector, and described proposals from ministries on new impositions as ideas of unexperienced people.)  What is clear: there will be weaker domestic demand in an economy earlier fueled by consumption and the government's only hope is EU funds and investment. (What would be badly needed, the minister for economy announced that his intention is to introduce electricity in every Romanian villages in 2012. Think of it, EU 2010!)

But the most ridiculous series of events unfolded in Germany. The liberal party that entered the government as junior partner after the social democrats lost at about 10% of their vote share at last year's elections, in September, represented a very straightforward free-market agenda, and proposed changes on the very same fields as their Hungarian counterparts, for example lower taxes with fewer tax rates (and elimination or reduction of some taxes usually hitting the very rich) turn towards more private health care system, with a unitary contribution for everyone, irrespective of their income. As the state household of Germany is not in a good shape (and as according to some observers the chancellor, Angela Merkel in the last years became more social democratic) it led to very loud and heated clashes inside the coalition. Albeit a meeting of the party chairs last weekend served as a solution for the internal fights that threatened to deepen the problems of a coalition that was welcomed by its members as the realization their dream coalition for more than a decade, but obviously made a very week start, it is not clear whether this attempt will be successful in the long run. And the similarity to Hungary is more than striking. An intransigent liberal party is pushing an agenda against the will of a majority and against the possibilities, always referring to the coalition agreement and causing upheaval. (Ok, in Germany the minor Christian social party also has some role in this situation, as they try to impede the erosion of their voter base with a confrontative image, acting as a counterbalance of the liberals.) 

I won't say, that the fate of the German coalition will be similar to the Hungarian one, but I somehow fail to see the prudent politicians, willing to make personal sacrifices, boldly acting against temporary unpopularity etc. And even the Polish government (in a country which at last, contrary to forecasts, avoided economic contraction) fails to bring budget deficit under control for electoral reasons. We are once again lost, others leading the pack.

Relief and self-congratulation

Hungary is certainly not a peaceful country nowadays, but the growing tensions – albeit connected to the crisis and social poverty – are never directly associated with the financial and economic crisis. Regarding this issue a cautious stance prevails, emphasizing more and more positive effects of the governments measures. The parties behind it seem to accept their fate with resignation, and some of their politicians are ready to think that the cure prescribed by the „experts”, the business elite and the IMF – this at last showed some muscle recently in Romania and in the Ukraine (although only after prolonged period of a total lack of compliance in the former and a skillful tactics of „promise-and-non-fulfillment” in the other) is bringing its first fruits. (Even if it would be the case why are the same fruits sweet for supposedly leftist politicians as for not just supposedly rightist businessmen?) Anyway, the prime minister and the finance minister gave a series of interviews recently confirming that the budget deficit will remain as agreed with the IMF-EU couple and the fiscal restriction has its first effects: Hungary will emerge from this Maelstroem as the most competitive country in ECE.
Faithful readers can be already familiar with my views on this very simplistic and deadly perception of the world – I rarely felt myself better as an underpaid academic knowing that meanwhile I'm living in a very competitive county. The whole idea of competition instead of cooperation in ECE is one of the reasons of the mess we are experiencing. The clear demands and preferences of the society – usually expressed by vote – were always neglected in the name of competivity, as disadvantageous for business etc. and of course as remnants of some dangerous post-socialist, post-communist mindset, incompatible with democracy and capitalism. This stance even reached such heights as to accept lying to the electorate if it serves the aims of the business elite (and middle-class) but despising it if it turned out that the lies veiled a somewhat different, socially more balanced politics.
(One must admit that nowadays a different approach is gaining strength, the one arguing that the failure of transformation – that is in a sense an exaggeration – was caused by social pschychological factors and the mentality. This would be the real hindrance before the implementation of reforms. However, the proposed solution is not to develop ideas fitting to the social realities, rather somehow transform the mentality in order to implement the reforms, that are perceived as having no alternatives.)
Returning to the topic of this post, the government certainly can cite analysts predicting that Hungary will be the most competitive, most fabulous country. (On the one hand it is really comforting, at least no country will be at the end spared of the pains. :) ) But I fear analysts once again won't register success with their predictions, as they didn't before the crisis and since then. (A series of important data appeared in the last two weeks, for example GDP growth rates, and analyst's consensus was usually far from the real data. In case of Hungary they were disappointed but once again nobody asked whether their profession has any relevance, whether they deserve the attention paid to them. If analysts has something wrong, it is always the government's, the politics' the kádárist's fault and not theirs.) The real problem is that these forecasts are based on the usual simplistic model, somehow calculating a potential GDP growth (that is a very slippery issue, the oracle from Delphoi could be almost as successful as analysts, as the future is not known for anybody...). In this case they rely on the assumption – at least as I understand – that lower taxes are an incentive to hire workers, because cheaper labour makes producer prices more competitive and it will lead automatically to a higher employment rate. (What they will produce and first of all who will buy it, it is not a question. As in case of some economists, who – arguing that the lasting problems of labour market participation in Hungary needs a systemic approach instead of the present fragmented one, based on different education programs and state subsidies – came up with the all-encompassing and very systemic solution: in crisis regions a lower minimal wage have to be agreed upon.)
Nevertheless, this issue – what to produce and for whom – would be crucial as export based industry in Hungary was quite competitive even in the recent years (although the effects of the crisis are not clear at the moment), but for example a 5 point cut of the social contributions from July didn't had significant effects on employment, business was not capable to hire workers just for the sake of paying lower labour cost, the unemployment rate was kept at bay only by state-financed public work programs. Maybe next years similar cuts will have a different effect, maybe growing export markets will contribute to the easing of the situation. However, it has its clear limits as well.
Unfortunately the core of the problem lies in the SME-s, oriented towards domestic consumers in services, retail sales, construction. Although lower taxes would seemingly be good for them as well, not only due to lower labor costs (although paying less for some employees not necessarily enough to hire a new one, especially if there is no demand for the products), but through higher net income of the population. But the competivity issue in the export oriented sectors is a hindrance of wage raises as well, making the effects of tax cuts limited. Another possible solution would be redistribution to those whose “marginal propensity to consume” is higher – i.e. who are poor and can not afford even the basic needs on a daily basis – but it is also despised, as not business friendly. For a while credit substituted for real growth of income, but the result is too painfully clear. Without significantly higher wages there won't be really higher demand for services and construction. Moreover, lower taxes usually mean fewer public services or more expensive ones. Effects of tax cuts on personal incomes – especially in a country with lower wages – can be almost entirely offset by higher costs of public services. But not much SME-s will be content, when people will spend their excess money on train tickets instead of a hair cut. It would again flow to the state and not to the companies.
But the simplistic “lower taxes bring higher employment” assumption's validity is doubtful because of other reasons. The immobility, low education, low skills of the workforce reserve (the employment rate was 58% at its best now it is around 55%, the reserve is guessed sometimes at about 1 million people) would make investment necessary. Investment in mobility – affordable housing, not rents as high as a monthly wage, reasonably priced or state supported traffic costs etc., (the company's contribution to public traffic costs of their employees will become a taxable income from 1 January) – and in education would be much needed, but for this aim also redistribution would be much needed. At least as long as offering chances for everyone is perceived as necessary social solidarity and means of cohesion. If not ..., yes, it is another country.
(Moreover, there is a fair chance that at the end, with a rapidly ageing population and dependency ratio, without a European social system, Hungary will end up as having only one chance, to export more and more, making this whole speculation on possible ways out pointless. But even in this case the state would have to invest in children.)
Therefore the self-congratulating manner, the dreams of being once again a forerunner country seem not too well-founded. The result could easily be disappointment of the middle-class seeing that the price of tax cuts is higher payment for public services and freezed gross wages for a long period, therefore lower taxes bring not more money to spend on consumption, the disappointment of the SME-s because of the continuing lack of purchasing power, and even stronger disappointment of the poor, for whom it easily could mean more poverty and less chances to get out from their situation. The already very serious tensions can easily explode at that moment...

The typical ECE blindness - Hungary, an "oasis of stability", according to a Romanian business newspaper.

It is really hard not to laugh loudly or weep equally strongly. Ziarul Financiar published an article on Hungary,praising the efforts of the government and even stating that now the country is the most stable in the region. The article is a kind of exemplary of almost everything I have complained at these pages: wishful thinking, promotion of particular interests camouflaged as general ones, posing as well-informed even if it is clear that there was no real inquiry about the facts and the use of non-existent examples from the not-so-beloved neighbours in internal fights.
At the moment Romania is in a political chaos (for foreigners with a modest and secure income it is just a tolerable place), and the business elite proposes solutions putting the whole burden of the crisis on the population, especially on the lower social groups, not accepting any kind of personal loss, moreover even striving for personal gains in the form of further tax cuts. As something similar happened in Hungary in the last few months it is an obvious choice for giving examples and that way the exaggeration - the most stable country etc. - is comprehensible. But there is almost nothing to support this claim, besides statements from the Hungarian government, what is a dubious proof anyway. (Which government facing financial hardships would eagerly admit that their efforts brought moderate results and the seemingly better situation compared to the one a year ago is more a result of the growing risk appetite of the "very efficient" markets than that of thier own efforts.) Moreover, even the mesures listed in the article as the causes of this sudden but well deserved change in Hungary's situation has not too much foundation. The Bajnai government is far from being a technocrat one (the Ziarul Financira obviously portrays it that way because the president, Basescu proposed a prime minister from the Romanian National Bank and this designated premier suggested that his government would have been a technocratic one...), the corporate taxes were not lowered, but slightly hiked. On the other hand a series of measures, however welcome by the Romanian business elite they would be, were not hepling the fiscal stabilization and even the claims attached to them and mentioned in the article - for example lower social contributions will help employers to keep their workforce - did not visibly brought the suggested result (look at the growing unemploymetn in Hungary that is only counterbalanced by government financed public work programs, and not the supposed positive effects of lower labor costs). Unfortunately, what Ziarul Financiar presents as an example to follow, a very desirable set of measures, even in the presented form, is nothing else then a receipe for making social divisions deeper, differences larger, redistributing welth from the botom to the top of the society.
And even the typical ECE negligence is not lacking from the text. Although Bucharest is not far from Budapest and ZF would be certainly capable to send somenone there and who could make a thorough eamination of the situation, hear different opinions etc., they rely on a short note of Bank of America Merril Lynch describing Hungary as the inevitable forerunner of the region! That's the part that makes me weep and laough simultaneously... That kind of pompous and carless behavior! What some guys far away say about a country after putting some basic data in their models is worth more attention, is a more thorough knowledge of the situation than the one someone from there, with some work could have synthetized. (Just beacuse these guys are sitting somewhere in the West in an office building? or because this case, exactly because of the lack of information an be portrayed as a desirable soultion - at least for a certain social group - for the problems at home?) Welcome to ECE...

(Well, shall I explicitly note that the respective article was already taken over by some Hungarian websites?)

Casino Royal? Reminiscenses of my childhood

This blog tends to be quite boring, I must apologize again, but instead of the announced posts on Romania or Germany (later, later...) I felt an inspiration to share my views on another funny personality from Hungary. The pretext to focus on his deeds is an announcment from last week that his construction company will establish a huge complex near Pratislava/Pozsony with hotels, a casino, a spa etc. The plan is grandoman one, although not without precedents, Hungary was somehow a favorite location - at least tehoretically, as no plans were realized yet - for companies to build a European Las Vegas. One of these attempts is under investigation after the company was accused to manipulate with the swap of territory with the state, another one is allegedly on its way to realization, suprisingly quite close to the place where this new complex is planned. Anyway, casino and the turist flow awaited from such an enterprise seems to be an object of desire for many entrepreneurs. In this case 1,5 billion euro is the invested amount.
It is strange to see the extent of reverence this businessman is treated. As if he would be a genius. This time the announcment was covered with a badly hidden feeling of disappointment and loss, with sour remarks to the Hungaian burocracy and environmental movements because they are blocking the realization of similar plans in Hungary, without any doubts regading its use or viability. If Demján embarks on this project it should be a kind of Eldorado, imply these recations. Not to speak of an alleged 30000 new employee and a 5% rise in Sovak GDP. Obviously, it was also unavoidable to read some sentences on the superiority of the Slovak tax system and state policies, especially as the manager of the planned construction works emphasized this factor behind their decision.
This small and in itself not really significant story is a very good illustration of the lack of critical approach and a servient and self-submissive stance in the public. Demján is treated as an economc genius, Slovakia is the object of our desires and every statement of a construction company - clearly biased - is accepted at face value. The general mood resembled a disaster. (The ironical side of the story is that one of the newspapers, Népszabadság, a couple of days later published a report from Bratislava/Pozsony infroming the public of the doubts raised in Slovakia itself...)
However, Demján was never an economic genius, at least not in the sense being a good economist. Hew grew influential as a manager of a state run chain of deprment stores and later he represented a Canadian businessman from the field of construction, Peter Munk. (Maybe the company usually described as his is still owned by Munk...) It is hard to escape the impression that he never has risked his money and got rich using someone else's. But it is simple jelousy, I wont deny. The real paradox of the story that Demján for some years advocates a strange economic policy for Hungary. (As he is accepted without doubts as an economic oracle he had a lot of opportunity to explain it...) To get rid of every "non-productive" sector and focus - i.e. support it with every possible means, subsidies, tax cuts etc. - on industry! And no one ever asked Demján why is he building instead of producing? Why is he inclined to establish a casino when he could have establish a factory? No one ever became curious of this strange contradiction. Apart from the reality and the reasonability of such proposals it recalled a very old - and as I believed outdated - notion of (vulgar)marxist concept: the comprador bourgeoisie. A social group subordianting everything to the interests of foreign capitalists and making gains as the representatives of it...

With "recovery" exceptionalism and self-flagellation returns

As one can hear more and more positive forecasts and predictions - and the summer recess ended as well - the media is filled again with "analysis". Economists and analysts, politicians and gurus are once again on the scene and pre-crisis narratives are once again sold, without discount. Although this time at least their opposite is on the imaginary shelves...

The self-flagellation, so popular among Hungary's "intellectuals" is back directly or indirectly as well. If a politician of the respective country's makes a statement on the inevitable fast recovery and even faster future growth of Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria etc. it is immediately bought by the media and distributed, without any comment, contextualization etc. As if the last half a year would have never happened. Nobody seems to be interested in the respective countries beyond a set of basic data, nobody seems to have learned the lessons of debacles. Moreover, a modest, but very visible flow of articles on Slovakia as the country offering the model to follow appeared again, quite in pre-crisis fashion. The past is bright and the future will also be, as they implemented the right economic model. Doubts are not dismissed, they are rather omitted from the picture. One quarter of growth - even though it means quite serious decline on a year-on-year basis and was driven by state spending certainly not sustainable on the long run - was enough for this conclusion. As if nobody would be willing to consider the limitations of dependency on only one industrial sector, the possible impact of the competition for investment on the level of wages, especially with high unemployment depriving the state from predicted incomes, not to speak of the possibility of a second wave of economic decline.

Recovery everywhere - why to be scared?

Back from a long summer recess, although the lack of posts recently was not due to my activities (however overburdened I'm am with tasks and responsibilities) rather the lack of impulses and events. One could have seen a rising tide of good news (maybe even the favorite color has changed from green to a more ripened one), a series of countries posting positive growth figures for the second quarter (quarter-on-quarter, in yearly comparison it is rather pathetic) and economic sentiment soaring almost everywhere. As the latter is considered to be a so-called "leading indicator" (i.e. signaling in advance the trends of the respective economy) further economic expansion is expected in the coming month. The change was abrupt, and rather peculiar. While only a half a year ago (almost) everyone forecasted that the world is doomed, now (almost) everyone is prophesizing that our torture is already ended or it will soon end.

Doomsday or the truth revealed? - Q1 GDP data released...

It is almost official - Slovakia is always keen on overtaking Hungary either towards heaven or hell. The official (although preliminary) data on the economic growth in the countries of Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Romania is out. Every one of them was much better then the landlside experienced in the Baltics ranging from a 12,/% to a 18% year-on-year, but neither was very rosy. The Hungarian one 5,8% seasonally adjusted is slightly better then it was expected especially as the range of predictions/forcasts (or rather guesses, sometimes even bets) was between 5,5% and 10%(!). The other three publications were equally surpirsing, Slovakia with 5,4%,* Czech Republic 3,8% and Romania 6,4%. In these cases the data was far worse than it was expected, the contraction being twice or three times faster than predictions/forecasts (or rather guesses, sometimes even bets).

The conclusions? The situation is not rosy (ok, it is dire) but ECE is more homogenous than the "analyts' and "economists" were ready to admit. The predicted differences are less pronounced in terms of GDP contraction and if one compares the decline of the GDP with the year on year datas from the 4th quarter of 2008, then it is quite clear that Hungary, the economy of which fared worse in 2008, performed relatively better, not that it has any real significance among the present circumstances. The important issue is that those countries that were presumed to be more resilient either because being in the Eurozone and/or having a supposedly better tax system making them more competitive in the eyes of so-called analysts and economists underperfomed their forecasts. Those factors that were considered to influence the economic processes were seemingly not really importante in determining the economic contraction's pace. One can even dare to assume that they played no role in it. The broader framework of the world economy determines the fate of ECE not individual country's responses.

Moreover it is another question mark regarding the expertise of the analysts, who have a great influence on the image on the individual countries - conferring and/or conveying the opinion and judgment of the "markets" about those economies, and that way sometimes even deciding whether those will be financed or not - sticked to ideas clearly not really having roots in the present reality, namely that every country is an individual case and the main reason behind the depth of the crisis is the respective economic policy.

Otherwise the competiton is not finished. Slovakia is on the heels of Hungary and Romania is already leading the pack. Beware Hungarians...!!!

*Update: according to figures at the website of the Slovak Statistical Office the seasonally adjusted data for Slovakia was in fact 6% decline, that means even higher than the respective Hungarian one.

Slovakia still the frontrunner - irony and self-critic

As the data on the economic production and trends in the first few months in ECE is gradually revealed it is quite clear that the whole region is facing an economic downturn, regardless of earlier preformance and forecasts on possible growth. Last week the Slovak Statistical Office published its results on the industrial production in February, 28,2% year on year decline. It is very serious, especially as the industry makes up at about a third of Slovakia's GDP, but not suprisingly, given the effects of the crisis on the car making industry, of wich Slovakia's current ecenomics is based on.

The real surprise is the reaction of some of the Slovak newpapers, especially that of the SME's. The newspaper suddenly portrayed the situation very realistically, moreover we should find traces of self irony in the article. It is enough to emphasize the title, almost jokingly plyaing with the phrase "look at someone's back" in case soemone is hopelessly trailing the other. For months Slvakia was a frontrunner with its enomrous growth and Hungary was prophecized to be doomed, but the situation suudenly cahnged and at the moment it is not clear who is leading the pack in terms of velocity of the contraction. In this case Slovakia's "superiority" - that very popular idea - regarding the speed of decline is stressed and portrayed as faster than either the Czech Republic's or Hungary's speed of industrial contraction - turning around the whole concept.

Here I'm obliged to make some self-critic, the SME, that I was criticizing because the articles in the newapaper were sometimes reflecting the strong belief in Slovakia's superiority, moreover lecturing on the right economic policy, reacted very soon and changed its stance and did it with an obious sense of humor as well. Otherwise it is still the same perception of ECE, the eternal competition. But at least it is more digestible, and far easier to tolerate this way.

A week later - today's world as seen from Bratislava

Things are changing with an aunexpected pace in Slovakia as weel. Only a week after the serious lecturing delivered at the adress of Hungary the SME begin to relize that the problems looming over Slovakia are in fact larger than expected. Today they published an article with the title "The budget in state of an heart attack". The tone of the piece is substantially different from earlier one and it prophesizes that without major modifications (that means cuts on expenses) the deficit can reach a level the dubble of the forecasted. The resons: the collapse of VAT incomes, the loss of revenue from corporate taxes, the relatively high sums paid out for "stimulus pacakges". The danger: with a higher deficit Slovakia won't be recieve financing and investment from abroad, as the example of Hungary shows. The conbclusion: Slovakia need to adjust its udget to the circumstances and cease with the practice to give for everybody who raies his hands.

But the SME was not deviating too far from its earlier opinion. Although one could think that it is a profound change, there are signs contrary. The perceptible intention is to attack Fico, who is fra from being beloved by the liberal newspaper and as we can see the usual "Hungary-complex" remained, only to be reversed, this time put forward as a threatening example of collapse. But as things are going forward we can expect further changes as well.

Under the surface: normality?

Well, as I was writing long and boring posts in the recent weeks, considering problems not in line with my capacity to resolve and dealing with serious problems of human society (once again far from offering any viable solution) this post will be "something completely different". Even not really related to the crisis, or if it would be the case, only showing the flip side of the coin, business as usual. But "in the context of the worst economic collapse after the Great Depression, amidst the meltdown of hard won achievments of two decades of unfinsihed transition" such stories certainly can reveal that my seriousness in approaching the events, readily embracing its dimensions as age defining is not the only possible way, and perhaps not the most rewarding.

The SME published yesterday an article, reporting the foremost problem of Slovak dairy industry: the inflow of cheep and supposedly poor quality Polish "bryndza"! (Bryndza is a product from ewe cheese, cheese from cow's milk and butter, the former ingredients grated and mixed with the latter to make a homogenous, very spicy, somewhat bitter and acidic material, to a certain extent similar to cottage cheese made from cow's milk. It is very popular in Slovakia, another variant in Romania and it has many consumers in Hungary as well.) The Slovak producers are complaining that the Poles use only 30% ewe milk instead of the 50% usual in case of Slovak "bryndza". The Polish product is sold under the name "Tatranska bryndza" (bryndza from the Tatry Mountain) and as the Tatry (a part of wich lies in southern Poland)is a symbolic landscape for Slovaks, it is a not too subtle but certainly effective way to mislead consumers, who should be proud of the millennial production of this product.

Otherwise the story is quite typical, someone is cutting under others prices on the market, the consumers can buy cheaper product (and in the crisis it can easily be an important factor in their decisions regarding the type of "bryndza" they buy) and producers try to counteract not only on the market, but with such stories in the minds of their consumers. Business as usual?

Today's world seen from Bratislava

The liberal daily from Bratislava, SME, published today an article on the political situation in Hungary.(Unfortunately it is not a longer piece, as its author, Peter Morvay is a colorful personality, for example he was for a while probably the last Czechoslovak citizen, more than a decade after the dissolutuon of that country.) Otherwise the article is a short one, outlining the possibilities and arguing that the decision of one of the candidates for being designated prime minister to reject the offer was reasonable, given the limitations of his role. Later Morvay poses the question whether the leader of the Hungarian opposition, almost certainly prime minister after the next elections, will be able to implement reforms, even if these will be contrary to his campaign promises, replicating the situation that destroyed Gyurcsány's credibility.

What is interesting in this piece is the perspective and the implcit lecturing Hungary on the lack of reforms, similar to the achievements of the Dzurinda governments. Hungary is portrayed as very sick country with an almost dead economy, while its neighbors are realtively safe from the effects of the crisis. Even though both statements are exaggerated (Romania's budget are in a worse shape, and its economyc funamntals are maybe even worse - the driving force of growth was a housing bubble, instead ofr exports as in Hungary or Slovakia, Slovakia's budget, although clearly unnoticed for Morvay, is in the process of collapse because of the tax system's faults, the exchange rate for the koruna by the introduction of the euro disadvantaged the Slovak industry very much and paradoxically this is perhaps only veiled by the crisis (!)*, not to speak of Ukraine, and recession is hardly evitable in every country in the region) my aim is not to make an argument. On the one hand, because the criticisim is not completely unfounded, on the other hand because the stance of the SME is more important for this blog. It shows how easy it is in ECE to accept the role of leader of the pack, that of the model country's and how easy it is to present one country as superior to the others, using achievements and the sufferings leading to them as proofs of this. Today's world seen from Bratislava is a very assimetrical one, instead of the crisis, and Slovakia is its rigid schoolmaster.

(Ok, let me provide some proofs: the economic sentiment index hit in March an all time low in Slovakia, construction, services, retail sales confidence in almost free fall and industry and consumer confidence showing deep depression and no increase even though the Slovak car making plants were positively affected by the German "Umweltpraemie".)